Omeprazole is usually only prescribed as a short-term medication (Image: GETTY)
Users of a common medication should be aware of new research that raises caution over how it is used. Omeprazole, commonly prescribed for heartburn, indigestion and acid reflux, has been the subject of new research in Brazil, where scientists have uncovered how the drug’s ‘inappropriate’ use can lead to a series of deficiencies and contribute to two potentially serious health conditions.
In the ACS Omega journal earlier this year, researchers at the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) found that prolonged use of omeprazole could trigger a number of mineral deficiencies, heightening the risk of anaemia and osteoporosis while also compromising bone health.
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Andréa Santana de Brito, a researcher at UNIFESP, told Agência FAPESP: “It isn’t a question of demonising the drug, which is effective for various gastric conditions. The problem is its trivialised use, even for mild symptoms such as heartburn, and for prolonged periods of months and even years. Its adverse effects shouldn’t be overlooked.”
In the UK, omeprazole and other proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can be obtained via a GP prescription, though certain types are also available over the counter at pharmacies without the need for a prescription.
The NHS cautions: “Do not take omeprazole for longer than 2 weeks if you bought it without a prescription. See a GP if your symptoms get worse or do not get better.”
Even when taken as directed by a doctor, omeprazole can still produce a range of side effects, including headaches, stomach pain, nausea, constipation, diarrhoea and vomiting. The Brazilian research involved two groups of rats – one administered omeprazole and another that received no medication. The trial ran for between 10 and 60 days, with varying doses designed to mirror human consumption patterns.
Researchers discovered that prolonged use of the medication altered how nutrients were absorbed and distributed throughout the animals’ systems. It led to build-ups in the stomach, disruptions in the spleen and liver, as well as modifications in the blood.
The rats’ blood showed elevated calcium levels and reduced iron levels, suggesting potential risks of anaemia and osteoporosis. Further extended studies are required to validate these findings.
Osteoporosis weakens and makes bones more brittle, leaving them vulnerable to breaks and fractures as bone density diminishes. It progresses over several years, yet the condition presents few obvious warning signs.
Diagnosis of osteoporosis typically occurs only after someone has sustained a fracture. According to the NHS, this can result from falls, sudden impacts, or in severe cases, even sneezing can be sufficient to crack a rib.
Over time, the condition can result in serious chronic pain, disability and loss of independence. Management generally centres on fracture prevention and employing medications to fortify the bones.
Anaemia triggers a variety of recognisable symptoms including fatigue, breathlessness, heart palpitations, pallor and headaches. Treatment involves specific medications and dietary adjustments such as consuming more meat and fortified cereals.
