The so-called “forever chemicals” pose a growing risk to health and the environment and should be broadly banned across the European Union (EU), with some exceptions, EU experts said in findings published on Thursday, March 26. Officially called PFAS, for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, the substances are a group of more than 10,000 chemicals used in things like non-stick pans, stain-proof carpets and other common products – and often end up tainting food, water and wildlife.
Two EU expert committees published findings highlighting the effects of PFAS and calling for widespread restrictions on the substances. “PFAS pose growing risks to people and the environment. They are highly persistent, remaining in the environment for long periods, traveling long distances, contaminating groundwater and soil, while some cause serious health issues, such as cancer and reproductive harm,” one of the committees said in a statement accompanying its findings.
The EU is expected to put forward a proposal to ban PFAS in everyday consumer products such as clothing and pizza boxes, with exemptions for strategic sectors, like the medical field. A legislative proposal was initially promised for the end of 2025, but Brussels was waiting for opinions from the two committees set up by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), one on the risks associated with forever chemicals and another evaluating the economic and social impact of a ban. The first committee, the Risk Assessment Committee (RAC), found the chemicals posed growing risks and said that the EU needed new regulations to address them.
‘Balanced approach’
But the two committees differed on how far the new restrictions should go. Scientific risk assessment experts of the RAC said a total ban on forever chemicals would be the most effective way to minimize their impact, saying that exemptions would cause additional “emissions, leading to an uncontrolled risk.”
But, the Socio-Economic Analysis Committee (SEAC) said a blanket ban is “likely not proportionate,” given the lack of alternatives to the chemicals in several fields. The committee still supported a “broad restriction” but stressed the need for a “balanced approach” in light of the wide use of the chemicals and recommended “targeted” exemptions. The SEAC recommended that risks be minimized through clear labeling on products containing forever chemicals and site-specific management plans for each industrial facility.
The EU has already taken sector-specific action against certain PFAS. A directive imposed since January has set a maximum threshold of 0.1 micrograms per liter for the combined concentration of 20 PFAS for “water intended for human consumption.” The European Parliament has also adopted rules on food packaging, introducing maximum PFAS concentrations from August and on toys, in which forever chemicals and endocrine disruptors will be banned by 2030.
‘We support the transition’
Chronic exposure to even low levels of the chemicals has been linked to liver damage, high cholesterol, reduced immune responses, low birth weights and several kinds of cancer. In Brussels, environmental organizations accuse the EU of being slow to legislate, under pressure from industrial lobbies.
EU environment chief Jessika Roswall welcomed the expert groups’ opinions. “We support the transition away from forever chemicals. As always, any new rules need to be simple by design and give certainty, clarity and predictability for consumers as well as businesses,” Roswall said in a statement.
In January, an EU-commissioned report found that continued use of PFAS could cost Europe up to €1.7 trillion ($2 trillion) by 2050 because of their impact on people’s health and the environment.
